Object Coordinate Systems (OCS)

To save space in the drawing database (and in the DXF file), the points associated with each entity are expressed in terms of the entity's own object coordinate system (OCS). With OCS, the only additional information needed to describe the entity's position in 3D space are the 3D vector describing the Z axis of the OCS and the elevation value.

For a given Z axis (or extrusion) direction, there are an infinite number of coordinate systems, defined by translating the origin in 3D space and by rotating the X and Y axes around the Z axis. However, for the same Z axis direction, there is only one OCS. It has the following properties:

Its origin coincides with the WCS origin.
The orientation of the X and Y axes within the XY plane is calculated in an arbitrary but consistent manner. AutoCAD performs this calculation using the arbitrary axis algorithm (see Arbitrary Axis Algorithm).

For some entities, the OCS is equivalent to the WCS, and all points (DXF groups 10-37) are expressed in world coordinates. See the following table.

Coordinate systems associated with an entity type
Entities	Notes
3D entities such as line, point, 3dface, 3D polyline, 3D vertex, 3D mesh, 3D mesh vertex	These entities do not lie in a particular plane. All points are expressed in world coordinates. Of these entities, only lines and points can be extruded. Their extrusion direction can differ from the world Z axis
2D entities such as circle, arc, solid, trace, text, attrib, attdef, shape, insert, 2D polyline, 2D vertex, lwpolyline, hatch, image	These entities are planar in nature. All points are expressed in object coordinates. These entities can be extruded. Their extrusion direction can differ from the world Z axis
Dimension	Some of a dimension's points are expressed in WCS and some in OCS
Viewport	Expressed in world coordinates

Once AutoCAD has established the OCS for a given entity, the OCS works as follows: The elevation value stored with an entity indicates how far to shift the XY plane along the Z axis (from the WCS origin) to make it coincide with the plane that contains the entity. How much of this is the user-defined elevation is unimportant.

Any 2D points entered through the UCS are transformed into the corresponding 2D points in the OCS, which is shifted and rotated with respect to the UCS.

These are a few ramifications of this process:

You cannot reliably find out what UCS was in effect when an entity was acquired.
When you enter the XY coordinates of an entity in a given UCS and then do a SAVEAS, you probably won't recognize those XY coordinates in the DXF file. You must know the method by which AutoCAD calculates the X and Y axes in order to work with these values.
The elevation value stored with an entity and output in DXF files is a sum of the Z-coordinate difference between the UCS XY plane and the OCS XY plane, and the elevation value that the user specified at the time the entity was drawn.